The Enteric Nervous System (ENS):

Even though the ENS is located in the digestive tract, it is sometimes called the "second brain." Broadly speaking, "enteric" refers to the intestine or the small intestine.
The ENS works with the help of the central nervous system (CNS), but it also can carry out some of its functions in the digestive process without communicating with the brain.

In adults, the ENS can be about 30 feet long because it extends all the way through the abdomen from the esophagus to the rectum. The neurons of the ENS are grouped together in thousands of clusters called ganglia that are largely contained in two main networks: the myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus.
The myenteric plexus contains primarily efferent neurons and surrounds the digestive organs between the lower part of the esophagus and the anus. The submucosal ganglia contain primarily sensory neurons and form plexuses located inside the small and large intestines.

There are several different types of diseases and conditions that affect the ENS. There are congenital disorders (conditions one is born with) that affect parts of the ENS and can cause difficulties with digestion.
There is a wide range in the severity of these conditions, which can be anything from sporadically symptomatic to those that are progressive in nature and lead to severe disability. The ENS is also subject to disease and injury. It can be affected by gastrointestinal disorders, by inflammation, or by other conditions such as diabetes.

Function
The ENS is responsible for various aspects of the digestive process in the esophagus and the intestines. It is sophisticated in its response to the changing needs of digestion, such as with diet alterations or if a virus or bacteria affects the gastrointestinal tract.
It connects the brain and the digestive system through its afferent and efferent nerves, which pass messages back and forth between the CNS and the ENS. The ENS controls secretions, blood flow, hormone release, and motility (the movement of food through the digestive tract), all of which are part of the digestive process.
 
 
 
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